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Last updated: July 3, 2026 · By Gold California Editorial
Quick answer: An early gold IRA distribution before age 59 and a half normally draws a 10 percent federal additional tax under IRC Section 72(t) and, for a California resident, a 2.5 percent California additional tax on FTB Form 3805P. The law lists specific exceptions that drop the 10 percent, including death, total and permanent disability, substantially equal periodic payments, a first-home purchase up to 10,000 dollars, qualified higher education expenses, deductible medical expenses above 7.5 percent of adjusted gross income, health insurance while unemployed, an IRS levy, a qualified reservist call-up, a qualified birth or adoption up to 5,000 dollars per child, terminal illness, a qualified domestic abuse distribution, an emergency personal expense, and a federally declared disaster distribution up to 22,000 dollars. California honors most of the same exceptions on its 2.5 percent tax, but not all. An IRA-to-HSA rollover and a qualified recovery assistance distribution both escape the federal 10 percent while still owing the California 2.5 percent. The age 55 separation-from-service exception and the age 50 public safety carve-out apply to employer plans only, not to an IRA.
Short on time? The essentials
- The 10 percent federal early-distribution tax under IRC 72(t) can be dropped by a set of exceptions listed in IRS Publication 590-B.
- California mirrors most of these on its own 2.5 percent additional tax through FTB Form 3805P, with exception codes 01 through 25 and 99.
- Death and total and permanent disability drop both taxes in full at any age.
- A first-home purchase caps at 10,000 dollars over a lifetime, and a qualified birth or adoption caps at 5,000 dollars per child.
- Deductible medical expenses above 7.5 percent of AGI qualify for the exception; health insurance premiums while unemployed count only for IRA money.
- A substantially equal periodic payment stream under IRC 72(t)(2)(A)(iv) works but must not be modified for at least 5 years or until age 59 and a half.
- SECURE 2.0 added terminal illness, qualified domestic abuse victim, emergency personal expense up to 1,000 dollars per year, and disaster distributions up to 22,000 dollars.
- The age 55 separation-from-service and age 50 public safety exceptions cover a 401(k) or governmental plan, not an IRA.
- California does not conform to the IRA-to-HSA rollover exception or the qualified recovery assistance disaster carve-out, so the 2.5 percent state tax can still apply.
- Federal exceptions are claimed on IRS Form 5329; California exceptions ride on FTB Form 3805P line 2 with the matching exception code.
A gold IRA is taxed the same as any other IRA. The metal inside the account does not add or subtract a rule. The early-withdrawal penalty and the exceptions that drop it follow the standard IRA framework in IRC Section 72(t), IRS Publication 590-B, and California FTB Form 3805P.
This page walks the full IRA-side exception list, explains how California treats each one, and shows how to claim an exception on your federal and state returns. Every figure below traces to an IRS or California source, cited inline.
What the early-withdrawal penalty is and when it applies
The federal early-distribution penalty is a 10 percent additional tax on the taxable amount of an IRA distribution taken before age 59 and a half. It is set by IRC Section 72(t) and confirmed in IRS Publication 590-B (source: Cornell LII, 26 U.S.C. Section 72(t)).
The IRS describes this as an additional tax, not a substitute for ordinary income tax. The taxable distribution still enters your federal adjusted gross income at your regular rate. The 10 percent then sits on top (source: IRS Publication 590-B).
California adds its own 2.5 percent additional tax on the same early distribution. It is reported on FTB Form 3805P and attached to the California return (source: FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025).
Together, the two taxes combine to 12.5 percent of the taxable amount before any income tax. That is the bill an exception can drop, in whole or in part, when your facts match one of the categories listed in the law and the FTB instructions.
The full list of IRA-side exceptions in one place
The IRS publishes the exception list in a single table on its Retirement Topics page. The California FTB publishes a parallel list, numbered 01 through 25 with code 99 for multiple, on the Form 3805P instructions. The two lists overlap on most rows and differ on a few.
Some entries in the IRS table apply to a 401(k), a 403(b), or a governmental plan and not to an IRA. Those employer-plan rows do not help you inside a gold IRA (source: IRS, Retirement Topics on Exceptions to Tax on Early Distributions). The table below shows the IRA-side entries, with California treatment noted where the state differs.
| Exception (IRA-side) | Federal 10 percent | California 2.5 percent | FTB code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age 59 and a half or older | No tax | No tax | 12 (if 1099-R miscoded) |
| Death of IRA owner | Waived | Waived | 04 |
| Total and permanent disability | Waived | Waived | 03 |
| Substantially equal periodic payments (SEPP) | Waived while stream is intact | Waived while stream is intact | 02 |
| First-time homebuyer, up to 10,000 dollars lifetime | Waived | Waived | 09 |
| Qualified higher education expenses | Waived | Waived | 08 |
| Deductible medical expenses above 7.5 percent of AGI | Waived | Waived | 05 |
| Health insurance premiums while unemployed | Waived | Waived | 07 |
| IRS levy on the account | Waived | Waived | 10 |
| Qualified reservist distribution (active duty 180+ days) | Waived | Waived | 11 |
| Qualified birth or adoption, up to 5,000 dollars per child | Waived | Waived | 19 |
| Terminal illness certified by a physician | Waived | Waived | 20 |
| Qualified domestic abuse victim distribution | Waived (post-2023) | Waived (post-2023) | 22 |
| Emergency personal expense, up to 1,000 dollars per year | Waived (post-2023) | Waived (post-2023) | 23 |
| Federally declared disaster distribution, up to 22,000 dollars | Waived | 2.5 percent may still apply on recovery-assistance rule | 24 (see notes) |
| IRA-to-HSA one-time rollover | Waived (federal only) | Still owes 2.5 percent | Not honored by California |
| Age 55 separation from service, or age 50 public safety | Waived, employer plans only | Waived, employer plans only | 01 (not IRAs) |
Sources: IRS Retirement Topics on Exceptions to Tax on Early Distributions; IRS Publication 590-B; California FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025. Checked June 2026.
Death of the IRA owner
A distribution to a beneficiary after the IRA owner's death is exempt from the 10 percent federal additional tax at any age. The exception sits in IRC Section 72(t)(2)(A)(ii) and appears on the IRS Retirement Topics page as row Death.
California follows the same rule on its 2.5 percent tax. The FTB Form 3805P instructions list Distributions due to death under exception code 04, and confirm the death exception applies to beneficiaries of an IRA regardless of age (source: FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025).
One caveat matters for the surviving spouse. A spouse can roll the inherited IRA into their own IRA. Once that happens, the IRA is theirs, and a later distribution before age 59 and a half can draw the 10 percent and 2.5 percent unless another exception applies (source: IRS Publication 590-B).
The reporting is straightforward. The custodian issues Form 1099-R with distribution code 4 in box 7 for a death distribution. That code signals an exception applies, and no additional tax computation is needed on Form 5329 for the beneficiary.
Total and permanent disability
An IRA owner who is totally and permanently disabled at the time of the distribution can claim the disability exception. The tax code defines disability at IRC Section 72(m)(7): unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity, expected to be long-continued and of indefinite duration or to result in death.
The IRS lists the exception on its Retirement Topics page under Disability. The FTB assigns it exception code 03 on Form 3805P line 2 (source: FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025).
Physician certification supports the claim. A doctor's written statement describing the condition and expected duration is standard practice, kept with the tax records rather than filed with the return. Form 1099-R uses distribution code 3 in box 7 when the custodian is on notice of a qualifying disability.
Short-term or partial disability does not qualify. The bar is total and permanent as defined in the code, not any impairment that limits work. Consult your tax advisor before relying on this exception for your situation.
Substantially equal periodic payments under IRC 72(t)(2)(A)(iv)
A stream of substantially equal periodic payments (often called a 72(t) plan) can drop the federal 10 percent early tax at any age. The IRA owner takes at least annual payments calculated over life or joint-life expectancy, using one of three IRS-approved methods.
The stream is fragile. It has to run for at least 5 years or until the owner reaches age 59 and a half, whichever is longer, without modification. Break the stream early, and the 10 percent tax comes back on all prior payments plus interest (source: IRS Publication 590-B).
California honors the SEPP exception on its 2.5 percent tax under exception code 02 on Form 3805P. A post-December 29, 2022 change under SECURE 2.0 confirms that annuity-based payments still qualify as substantially equal. The schedule has to meet the Section 401(a)(9) requirements (source: FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025).
SEPP fits a saver who needs steady early income from a gold IRA and is willing to lock the schedule for years. It rarely fits someone who wants a one-time larger distribution and then flexibility later. Your tax advisor can model the numbers on your specific facts.
Qualified first-time homebuyer, up to 10,000 dollars
An IRA distribution used for a first-home purchase can qualify for the exception, capped at 10,000 dollars over the account owner's lifetime. The rule is in IRC Section 72(t)(2)(F). It applies to a home for the IRA owner, a spouse, a child, a grandchild, or an ancestor of either spouse (source: IRS Publication 590-B).
The definition of first-time homebuyer is broader than it sounds. The buyer only needs to have not owned a principal residence in the 2-year period ending on the date of acquisition. The distribution must be used within 120 days of receipt for qualifying costs (buying, building, or rebuilding a home).
California mirrors the exception under Form 3805P code 09. The FTB flags it as applies only to IRAs, matching the federal scope (source: FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025). A California resident who uses IRA money for a first home in the state or elsewhere can drop both the 10 percent federal and 2.5 percent California taxes on the qualifying portion.
The 10,000-dollar cap is a lifetime cap per IRA owner. Two spouses can each use their own 10,000 dollars from separate IRAs if both qualify, for a household total of 20,000 dollars. Amounts above the cap fall back under the regular early-tax rules.
Qualified higher education expenses
An IRA distribution used for qualified higher education expenses can drop the federal 10 percent early tax without a dollar cap. Qualified expenses include tuition, fees, books, supplies, and required equipment for the IRA owner, a spouse, a child, or a grandchild at an eligible post-secondary institution (source: IRS Publication 590-B).
Room and board can count for a student enrolled at least half time. The expenses must be in the same year as the distribution to match the exception. Amounts covered by tax-free scholarships and grants do not qualify.
California honors the exception under Form 3805P code 08, flagged as applies only to IRAs. The state and federal caps and definitions align (source: FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025).
One coordination point matters. The same expenses cannot be used for both the IRA exception and an American Opportunity or Lifetime Learning Credit. Choose the treatment that lowers the total bill, or split the expenses between the two paths.
Deductible medical expenses above 7.5 percent of AGI
An IRA owner can claim the exception for the portion of the distribution used for deductible medical expenses. The qualifying amount is the medical expense above 7.5 percent of adjusted gross income for the year, whether or not the owner itemizes (source: IRS Publication 590-B).
The rule looks at the actual medical costs paid in the same year as the distribution. Insurance reimbursements reduce the qualifying amount. Only the excess above the 7.5 percent floor drops the 10 percent tax.
California follows the federal rule under Form 3805P exception code 05, using the same 7.5 percent threshold (source: FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025). The state cross-reference is federal Schedule A line 4, which is the medical deduction line.
Documentation supports the claim. Keep receipts, insurance statements, and a computation of AGI and medical expenses for the year. Your tax advisor can run the numbers if it is unclear whether a specific expense qualifies.
An IRA owner who receives unemployment compensation for at least 12 consecutive weeks can claim an exception for distributions used to pay health insurance for the owner, spouse, and dependents. The exception is IRA-only; it does not apply to a 401(k) or other employer plan (source: IRS Publication 590-B).
The distribution must be taken in the year the owner received unemployment compensation or the following year. If the owner is reemployed for 60 or more days, later distributions no longer qualify (source: IRS Publication 590-B).
California honors this exception under Form 3805P code 07, flagged as applies only to IRAs. The state text mirrors the federal wording (source: FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025).
The exception covers only actual health insurance premiums paid, not other medical costs or a lump sum. Self-employed individuals who meet the 12-week rule and pay their own coverage can claim the exception on the same terms.
IRS levy on the account
A distribution made because of an IRS levy on the IRA qualifies for the exception. The IRC provision is Section 72(t)(2)(A)(vii). The rule protects the account owner from the 10 percent tax on top of a levy that already removed the money involuntarily (source: IRS Publication 590-B).
California follows the federal treatment under Form 3805P code 10, and a separate California code 25 handles a state-level FTB notice to withhold on a qualified retirement plan (source: FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025).
A levy or state notice does not remove ordinary income tax on the distribution. The taxable amount still enters federal and California adjusted gross income at regular rates. The exception only drops the 10 percent and 2.5 percent additional taxes.
The 1099-R for a levy distribution typically shows distribution code 2 in box 7, indicating an exception applies. That code carries the exception through to Form 5329 and FTB Form 3805P without more computation.
Qualified reservist distributions
A member of a reserve component ordered or called to active duty for at least 180 days, or an indefinite period, can take an IRA distribution during the active-duty period without the 10 percent tax. The exception is codified at IRC Section 72(t)(2)(G).
The order must be after September 11, 2001. The distribution must be taken during the active duty period. A reservist can also repay the distribution to an IRA within 2 years of the end of the active-duty period, and the repayment does not count against annual contribution limits (source: IRS Publication 590-B).
California honors the reservist exception under Form 3805P code 11. The state applies the same period-of-service and timing rules as the federal exception (source: FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025).
A gold IRA held by a reservist in California qualifies on the same terms. The metal inside the account changes nothing about the exception, since the rules follow the IRA, not the asset held inside.
SECURE 2.0 additions: birth or adoption, terminal illness, domestic abuse, emergency, and disaster
Congress added several IRA-side exceptions through SECURE and SECURE 2.0. Each has a specific cap and definition. California conforms to most through FTB Form 3805P.
Qualified birth or adoption distributions cap at 5,000 dollars per child, taken within 1 year of the child's birth or adoption finalization. The rule sits at IRC Section 72(t)(2)(H). California honors it under exception code 19 (source: FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025).
Terminal illness distributions require a physician's written certification of a condition reasonably expected to result in death within 84 months. There is no dollar cap. California honors the exception under code 20 on Form 3805P (source: FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025).
Qualified domestic abuse victim distributions cap at the lesser of 10,000 dollars or 50 percent of the account balance. The distribution must be taken within 1 year of an abuse event by a spouse or domestic partner. California honors the exception under code 22 for distributions after December 31, 2023 (source: IRS Retirement Topics on Exceptions; FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025).
Emergency personal expense distributions cap at the lesser of 1,000 dollars or vested account balance above 1,000 dollars, taken once per calendar year for family or personal emergency expenses. California honors the exception under code 23 for distributions after December 31, 2023 (source: IRS Retirement Topics on Exceptions).
Federally declared disaster distributions cap at 22,000 dollars per disaster for a person whose main home was in the disaster area and who sustained economic loss. The federal exception is honored under FTB code 24, but the FTB flags a separate non-conformity on qualified recovery assistance distributions, so check the specific disaster year and California treatment (source: FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025).
Exceptions that cover a 401(k) but not an IRA
Some early-distribution exceptions apply to employer plans only. Once money moves from a 401(k), 403(b), or governmental plan into an IRA, those employer-plan exceptions no longer apply.
The most-asked case is the age 55 separation-from-service exception. A worker who separates from service in or after the year they reach age 55 can access their 401(k) without the 10 percent tax. The FTB lists it under exception code 01, marked as does not apply to IRAs (source: FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025).
A parallel age 50 rule works for qualified public safety employees (police, firefighters, emergency medical services) of a state or political subdivision. SECURE 2.0 added a 25-years-of-service alternative for the same group. The rule sits at IRC Section 72(t)(10). It still does not apply to IRA money (source: IRS Retirement Topics).
The QDRO exception (code 06) works the same way. A qualified domestic relations order that carves out a share of a 401(k) can drop the early tax on distributions to the alternate payee. The exception does not extend to an IRA (source: FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025).
The lesson for California gold IRA planning is direct. Money rolled from a CalPERS, CalSTRS, UC, 401(k), or 403(b) plan into a self-directed gold IRA loses the age 55 and age 50 carve-outs. From inside the IRA, only IRA-side exceptions can drop the 12.5 percent stack before age 59 and a half. See our guide on gold IRA withdrawal rules for California residents for the full mechanics.
Where California does not follow the federal exceptions
The FTB Form 3805P instructions state directly that California does not conform to every federal exception. Two examples appear in the instructions themselves.
The first is the IRA-to-HSA rollover. Federal law under IRC Section 408(d)(9) lets an IRA owner move an amount to a Health Savings Account once per lifetime, penalty-free. The FTB states that California does not conform, so the transfer must be added to California AGI and is subject to the 2.5 percent additional tax under IRC Section 72 rules (source: FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025).
The second is qualified recovery assistance distributions. The FTB states that federal law allows an exception on this category and California does not conform. A federally declared disaster distribution that escapes the 10 percent federally can still owe the state 2.5 percent (source: FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025).
The takeaway is direct. A federal exception is the starting point of the analysis, not the end. Check the current-year FTB Form 3805P instructions for the specific exception, and confirm California treatment with your tax advisor before assuming the state honors it.
| Situation | Federal 10 percent | California 2.5 percent | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| One-time IRA-to-HSA rollover under IRC 408(d)(9) | Waived, up to HSA contribution limit | Still owed on the rollover amount | FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025 |
| Qualified recovery assistance distribution (disaster) | Waived under federal law | Not honored by California | FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025 |
Sources: California FTB Form 3805P instructions, 2025; IRS Publication 590-B. Checked June 2026.
California gold IRA early-withdrawal tax estimator
Take money out of a gold IRA before age 59 and a half and California stacks a 2.5% state additional tax (Form 3805P) on top of the 10% federal additional tax. That is 12.5% in penalties before any ordinary income tax.
Estimate only, not tax advice. The 10% federal and 2.5% California additional taxes apply to early distributions before age 59 and a half; exceptions exist. Ordinary federal and California income tax apply separately. Sources: IRS Publication 590-B; California FTB Form 3805P. Consult your tax advisor.
How to claim an exception in California, step by step
The mechanics of claiming an exception rely on two forms. The federal 10 percent additional tax is computed on IRS Form 5329, with the exception code entered on line 2. The California 2.5 percent additional tax is computed on FTB Form 3805P, with the same exception code on line 2. Both forms attach to their respective returns.
- Collect your Form 1099-R. The custodian sends the form after a distribution year. Check the taxable amount in box 2a and the distribution code in box 7. Code 1 means early distribution with no known exception. Code 2 means an exception applies.
- Match your facts to an exception. Compare your distribution to the exception list in IRS Publication 590-B and in the FTB Form 3805P instructions. Note the FTB exception code that fits (01 through 25, or 99 for multiple).
- Fill out IRS Form 5329 Part I. Enter the total early distribution on line 1. On line 2, enter the exception amount and the exception code. Line 3 is the difference, and line 4 is the 10 percent federal additional tax on any non-exempt portion.
- Attach Form 5329 to Form 1040. The result on Form 5329 line 4 flows to Schedule 2 of Form 1040. If the whole distribution is covered by an exception, line 4 is zero and no federal early tax is owed.
- Fill out California FTB Form 3805P Part I. Enter the early distribution on line 1. On line 2, enter the exception amount and the FTB exception code. Line 3 is the amount subject to the additional tax, and line 4 multiplies it by 2.5 percent (or 6 percent for a SIMPLE IRA in its first 2 years).
- Attach FTB Form 3805P to your California return. The result on line 4 flows to Form 540 line 63 or Form 540NR line 73. Joint filers each complete a separate Form 3805P for their own distributions.
- Keep supporting documentation. Physician certification for disability or terminal illness, unemployment records for the health-insurance exception, closing documents for a first-home purchase, and tuition receipts for a higher-education exception all belong in your tax file, not attached to the return.
Consult your tax advisor before assuming a specific exception applies. A wrong exception code on Form 5329 or Form 3805P can trigger a correspondence audit and a rework of the whole return.
When an exception does not save the withdrawal
An exception drops the penalty tax layer, not the ordinary income tax. The taxable distribution still enters federal and California AGI at regular rates. That single fact makes a few situations worse than a saver expects.
- High-income year. Stacking a large IRA distribution onto a year with strong wages or big capital gains pushes more of the income into California's higher brackets, up to a 13.3 percent top combined rate. The exception saves the 12.5 percent penalty, not the added ordinary tax.
- Partial exception. The medical-expense exception covers only the amount above 7.5 percent of AGI. A distribution larger than the qualifying medical spend leaves the rest exposed to the 12.5 percent stack.
- Small dollar cap. A first-home exception caps at 10,000 dollars lifetime, and a birth-or-adoption exception caps at 5,000 dollars per child. Amounts above the cap fall back into the regular early-tax rules.
- California non-conformity. An IRA-to-HSA rollover or a qualified recovery assistance distribution can escape the federal 10 percent while still owing the state 2.5 percent. The exception saves half the stack, not all of it.
- SEPP that gets broken. A modified 72(t) stream inside the 5-year window brings the 10 percent tax back on all prior payments, plus interest. Breaking the schedule usually costs more than the flexibility gained.
- Wrong form path. Missing Form 5329 or FTB Form 3805P for a distribution with a code 1 in box 7 hands the tax layer back automatically, even if a valid exception exists. The claim only works if it is on the return.
None of this makes a gold IRA wrong for California savers. It means the exception rules are narrower than the headline categories suggest, and a mismatch between facts and rule is easy to make.
Gold IRA penalty exception questions, answered
Does the age 55 exception apply to a gold IRA in California?
No. The age 55 separation-from-service exception under IRC Section 72(t)(2)(A)(v) applies to a 401(k), 403(b), or governmental plan. It does not apply to an IRA. Once money is rolled into a gold IRA, IRA-side exceptions govern. The California FTB Form 3805P instructions list this exception under code 01, flagged as does not apply to IRAs.
Does California honor every federal exception?
No. California conforms to most federal exceptions but not all. The FTB flags two non-conformities in the Form 3805P instructions: the IRA-to-HSA one-time rollover and qualified recovery assistance distributions. Both escape the federal 10 percent tax but still owe the California 2.5 percent additional tax. Check the current-year FTB instructions for other cases.
How do I claim the higher education exception on my California return?
Enter the qualifying distribution on IRS Form 5329 line 2 with exception code 08. Then enter the same amount and code 08 on California FTB Form 3805P line 2. The exception drops both the 10 percent federal and 2.5 percent California additional taxes on the qualified amount. Keep tuition and expense records with your tax file. Ordinary income tax still applies.
Is the first-home exception really capped at 10,000 dollars?
Yes, and the cap is lifetime per IRA owner, not per year or per home. IRC Section 72(t)(2)(F) sets the 10,000-dollar limit for a qualified first-time homebuyer. Two spouses can each use their own 10,000 dollars from separate IRAs if both qualify. Amounts above the cap fall back under the regular early-tax stack.
Can a public safety officer use the age 50 exception on IRA money?
No. IRC Section 72(t)(10) provides the age 50 carve-out (or 25 years of service under SECURE 2.0) for qualified public safety employees. The rule applies to a governmental plan, not to an IRA. A California police officer or firefighter who rolls a pension into a gold IRA loses the age 50 exception on the rolled dollars. IRA-side exceptions apply from that point forward.
Does the disability exception require Social Security disability approval?
No. IRC Section 72(m)(7) defines disability for the exception as unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity, expected to be long-continued and of indefinite duration or to result in death. A physician's written statement supports the claim. Social Security or state disability approval is helpful evidence but is not required by the tax code. Consult your tax advisor for your case.
What happens if I break a substantially equal periodic payment stream?
The 10 percent federal early tax comes back on all prior payments, plus interest, if you modify the SEPP schedule before the later of 5 years or age 59 and a half. Only two safe reasons allow modification without the recapture: death or total and permanent disability. California follows the federal rule on its 2.5 percent tax as well, so the recapture stacks on both.
Do the SECURE 2.0 exceptions apply to a gold IRA?
Yes. The birth or adoption (up to 5,000 dollars), terminal illness, qualified domestic abuse, emergency personal expense (up to 1,000 dollars), and disaster (up to 22,000 dollars) exceptions all apply to an IRA. California honors them under FTB Form 3805P codes 19, 20, 22, 23, and 24 respectively, with distribution-date effective rules matching the federal statute.
Sources
- IRS, Retirement Topics on Exceptions to Tax on Early Distributions. Checked June 2026.
- IRS, Publication 590-B, Distributions from Individual Retirement Arrangements. Checked June 2026.
- IRS, Topic No. 557, Additional Tax on Early Distributions from Traditional and Roth IRAs. Checked June 2026.
- Cornell LII, 26 U.S.C. Section 72 (Annuities; certain proceeds of endowment and life insurance contracts). Checked June 2026.
- California Franchise Tax Board, 2025 Instructions for Form FTB 3805P (Additional Taxes on Qualified Plans). Checked June 2026.
- California Franchise Tax Board, Early distributions. Checked June 2026.
- IRS, About Form 5329 (Additional Taxes on Qualified Plans). Checked June 2026.
